Respiratory system

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Respiratory system

The respiratory system consists of upper and lower airway and lungs. Resporatory tract includes nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchi. The bronchi represents a complex structure in the form of tree consisting from large, medium , small to diameter bronchi. Lungs consist of tiny microscopic alveoli are attached to the smallest bronchi. The entire respiratory system is permeated by a network of blood vessels, constituting a pulmonary circulation. Each lung is covered by serous membrane called pleura. The space located between two pleural sacks is called pleaural cavity.

The diseases of respiration system are commonly observed in clinical practice. The most common of them include:

Tonsillitis is the acute infectious disease with primary damage of tonsils. The inflammatory process can develop in other accumulation of lymphoid tissues of the pharynx and larynx - in the lingual, guttural, nasopharyngeal areas.

Bronchitis is a disease of the respiratory system characterized by acute and chronic course of the disease. Bronchitis is usually caused by a viruses, bacteria, different chemical and physical factors (cold, dry or hot air, sulfur dioxide, etc.). The risk factors for bronchitis include: cold-related injury, smoking, chest deformation, disorders of nasal breathing, chronic diseases.

Cough is one of the most common signs of respiratory disease. It may occurr in inflammation of the mucous membrane in the respiratory tract (larynx, bronchi) and lung tissue (pneumonia, tuberculosis, bronchial asthma). It can also be induced by inhalation of dust, corrosive gases, smoking, liquids or have allergic origin. Sometimes cough may be associated with agitation and emotional stress.

Laryngitis is inflammation of the larynx that usually occurs in acute respiratory viral infections, flu and other infectious diseases.

Rhinitis is inflammation of the nasal mucous lining. There are 2 types of rhinitis: acute and chronic. Acute rhinitis can be a disease or a symptom of acute infectious diseases (influenza, morbilli, diphtheria, etc.). Hypothermia, mechanical or chemical stimulation can be factors predisposing to rhinitis. Acute rhinitis is always bilateral.

Pneumonia is an infectious disease of the lungs. Pneumonia is caused by dissemination and multiplication of microorganisms in the respiratory tract. Bacteria that causes pneumonia include: staphylococci, viruses, Haemophilus influenzae, micoplasma and others.

Respiratory diseases are treated by different group of drugs such NSAID's, antitussive, bronchodilations, mucolytocs, a wide range of herbal medications. Also non-medicamentous treatment is commonly practised.

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